Índices de biodiversidad y de estructura vertical–utilidad de aplicación en bosques con manejo forestal
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Resumen
La mayor parte de los bosques en Portugal fueron plantados en el siglo XX. Extensas superficies fueron plantadas con Pinus pinaster y con Eucalyptus globulus entre ellas constituyen el 60% de la ocupación forestal total. Las opiniones difieren en relación a la contribución de las plantaciones hacia la biodiversidad, a pesar de ello, algunos aspectos positivos se han mostrado, en particular, para la vida silvestre. El presente estudio fue realizado en paisajes cultivados en un grande rango de sitios, comparando la diversidad hallada en estas plantaciones, con aquellas áreas remanentes preservadas o plantadas con las especies de latifoliadas nativas. El método empleado comprendió: 1) fotointerpretación para identificar los tipos cobertura/uso; 2) inventario para la evaluación de la biodiversidad; 3) Fueron estudiados los componentes de la diversidad dentro y entre comunidades a diferentes escalas α y β indicadores de biodiversidad, la estructura vertical y la madera muerta. Los bosques de latifoliadas nativas presentaron los valores más altos de diversidad en comparación con los otros tipos de bosque. El índice vertical de la estructura no fue muy consistente. La madera muerta esta influenciada por la falta de prácticas silvícolas., El método aplicado mostró ser adecuado para estimar la contribución de los niveles de composición del paisaje en la diversidad, fue posible también explorar índices rápidos y eficientes para el monitoreo de la diversidad.
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Cómo citar
Salas, R. (2009). Índices de biodiversidad y de estructura vertical–utilidad de aplicación en bosques con manejo forestal. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 5(2), 74-85. Recuperado a partir de https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/155
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Artículos Originales
Citas
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Colwell R.K. y Coddington J.A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B. 345: 101-118.
Couteron P. 2004, "Additive apportioning of species diversity: towards more sophisticated models and analyses." Oikos, 107: 215-221.
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Fidalgo F., Salas G. R. Gaspar. J. y P. Morais. 2007. Monitoring land cover change in a forested landscape in Central Portugal. The role of structural indices. IV International Land Management Congress, November, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 13-16.
Fischer R. y Pommerening A. 2003. Methodology for stand structure assessments in the biodiversity test phase 2003 - 2005 of EU/ICP Forests. Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products - ForestBIOTA (Forest Biodiversity Test-phase Assessments), Hamburg, pp 11.
Fournier E. y Loreau M. 2001. Respective roles of recent hedges and forest patch remnants in the maintenance of groundbeetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in an agricultural landscape. Landscape Ecology, 16: 17-32.
Gering J. C., Crist T. O. y Veech J.A. 2003. "Additive Partitioning of Species Diversity across Multiple Spatial Scales: Implications for Regional Conservation of Biodiversity." Conservation Biology, 17, pp. 488–499.
Humphrey J.W., Ferris R., Jukes, M.R., y Peace A.L. 2002. The potential contribution of conifers plantations to the UK biodiversity action plan. Botanical Journal of Scotland, 54: 49-52.
Lähde E., Laiho O., Norokorpi Y. y Saksa T. 1999. Stand structure as the basis of diversity index. Forest Ecology and Management 115(2-3): 213-220.
Latham P., Zuuring H.R., y Coble DW. 1998. A method for quantifying vertical forest structure. Forest Ecology and Management. 104: 157-170.
MacArthur R.H. 1955. The fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology. 36: 533- 536.
Magurran A. E. 1988, Ecologycal Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Moreno C. E. y Halffter G. 2000. Assessing the completeness of bat biodiversity inventory using species accumulation curves. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37: 149-158.
Nagai M. y Yoshida T. 2006. Variation in understory structure and plant species diversity influenced by silvicultural treatments among 21-to-26 year-old Picea glehnii plantations. Journal of Forest Research. 11:1-10.
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Salas G.R., Houllier F., Lemoine B. y Pierrat J.C. 1993. Representativité locale des placettes d'inventaire en vue de l'estimation des caracteristiques dendrométriques de peuplement. Annales des Sciences Forestières. 50: 469-485.
Samuelsson J., Gustafsson L. y Ingelög T. 1994. Dying and dead trees: a review of their importance for biodiversity. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency report series. Rep. 4306. Uppsala: Swedish Threatened Species Unit.
da Silveira Cardoso P. 2001. Contribuição para o onhecimento da flora vascular da Serra do Açor e respectiva interpretação fitogeográfica. Tese de doutoramento em Biologia (Ecologia) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia de Coimbra, Portugal.
Simmering D., Waldhardt R. y Otte A. 2006. "Quantifying determinants contributing to plant species richness in mosaic landscapes: a single- and multi-patch perspective". Landscape Ecology, 21: 1233–1251.
Soberón J. y Llorente J. 1993. The use os species accumulation functions for the prediction of species richness. Conservation Biology, 7: 480-488.
Schuck M., Parvaienen J. y Bücking W. 1994. Occurrence of rare and threatened insects living on decaying Populus tremula. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 9: 185-191.
Wagner H. H. y Edwards P. J. 2001. Quantifying habitat specificity to assess the contribution of a patch to species richness at a landscape scale. Landscape Ecology, 16: 121- 131.
Whittaker R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity in land comunities." Evolutionary Biology, 10: 1-67.
Chiarucci A., Dominics V. y Wilson J.B. 2005. Structure and floristic diversity in permanent monitoring plots in forest ecosystems of Tuscany. Forest Ecology and Management. 141: 201-210.
Colwell R.K. y Coddington J.A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B. 345: 101-118.
Couteron P. 2004, "Additive apportioning of species diversity: towards more sophisticated models and analyses." Oikos, 107: 215-221.
DGRF. 2001. Inventário Florestal Nacional. Direcção Geral das Florestas, Lisboa.
FAO. 2001. State of the world’s forests. 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Ferris R y Humphrey, JW. 1999. A review of potential biodiversity indicators for application in British forests. Forestry 72: 313-328.
Fidalgo F., Salas G. R. Gaspar. J. y P. Morais. 2007. Monitoring land cover change in a forested landscape in Central Portugal. The role of structural indices. IV International Land Management Congress, November, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 13-16.
Fischer R. y Pommerening A. 2003. Methodology for stand structure assessments in the biodiversity test phase 2003 - 2005 of EU/ICP Forests. Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products - ForestBIOTA (Forest Biodiversity Test-phase Assessments), Hamburg, pp 11.
Fournier E. y Loreau M. 2001. Respective roles of recent hedges and forest patch remnants in the maintenance of groundbeetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in an agricultural landscape. Landscape Ecology, 16: 17-32.
Gering J. C., Crist T. O. y Veech J.A. 2003. "Additive Partitioning of Species Diversity across Multiple Spatial Scales: Implications for Regional Conservation of Biodiversity." Conservation Biology, 17, pp. 488–499.
Humphrey J.W., Ferris R., Jukes, M.R., y Peace A.L. 2002. The potential contribution of conifers plantations to the UK biodiversity action plan. Botanical Journal of Scotland, 54: 49-52.
Lähde E., Laiho O., Norokorpi Y. y Saksa T. 1999. Stand structure as the basis of diversity index. Forest Ecology and Management 115(2-3): 213-220.
Latham P., Zuuring H.R., y Coble DW. 1998. A method for quantifying vertical forest structure. Forest Ecology and Management. 104: 157-170.
MacArthur R.H. 1955. The fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology. 36: 533- 536.
Magurran A. E. 1988, Ecologycal Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Moreno C. E. y Halffter G. 2000. Assessing the completeness of bat biodiversity inventory using species accumulation curves. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37: 149-158.
Nagai M. y Yoshida T. 2006. Variation in understory structure and plant species diversity influenced by silvicultural treatments among 21-to-26 year-old Picea glehnii plantations. Journal of Forest Research. 11:1-10.
Noss R. F. 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology 4: 355-364.
O’Hara K.L., Latham, P.A. y Valappil N. 1995. Parameters for describing stand structure. In: Skovsgaard, J.P., Burkhart, H.E. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Forest Mensuration and Growth and Yield Research. Ministry of Environment and Energy, Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, Hørsholm, Denmark, pp. 134–145.
Peet R. K. 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 5.
Rabl K. 1993. Totholz - wichtiger Teil im forstlichen Ökosystem. Österreichische Forstzeitung. 12.
Rondeux J. 1993. «La mesure des arbres et de peuplements forestiers». Les Presse Agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgique.
Salas G.R., Fidalgo B., Gaspar J. y Morais P. 2005. Relatório final do projecto FORSEE. Gestion durable des forêts: un réseau européen de zones pilote pour la mise en oeuvre opérationnelle – FORSEE. FEDER – INTERREG IIIB. Subtarefa indicadores de biodiversidade. Manutenção, conservação e fomento apropriado da diversidade biológica nos ecossistemas florestais.
Salas G.R., Houllier F., Lemoine B. y Pierrat J.C. 1993. Representativité locale des placettes d'inventaire en vue de l'estimation des caracteristiques dendrométriques de peuplement. Annales des Sciences Forestières. 50: 469-485.
Samuelsson J., Gustafsson L. y Ingelög T. 1994. Dying and dead trees: a review of their importance for biodiversity. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency report series. Rep. 4306. Uppsala: Swedish Threatened Species Unit.
da Silveira Cardoso P. 2001. Contribuição para o onhecimento da flora vascular da Serra do Açor e respectiva interpretação fitogeográfica. Tese de doutoramento em Biologia (Ecologia) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia de Coimbra, Portugal.
Simmering D., Waldhardt R. y Otte A. 2006. "Quantifying determinants contributing to plant species richness in mosaic landscapes: a single- and multi-patch perspective". Landscape Ecology, 21: 1233–1251.
Soberón J. y Llorente J. 1993. The use os species accumulation functions for the prediction of species richness. Conservation Biology, 7: 480-488.
Schuck M., Parvaienen J. y Bücking W. 1994. Occurrence of rare and threatened insects living on decaying Populus tremula. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 9: 185-191.
Wagner H. H. y Edwards P. J. 2001. Quantifying habitat specificity to assess the contribution of a patch to species richness at a landscape scale. Landscape Ecology, 16: 121- 131.
Whittaker R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity in land comunities." Evolutionary Biology, 10: 1-67.