Resistencia a antibióticos de vibrios aislados durante el cultivo de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Shrimp farming, an activity with high growth potential in areas of northeastern Mexico, has been affected by early mortality syndrome (EMS) caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio. This disease has led producers to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, contributing to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC), of the antibiotics oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol against vibrios isolated during the culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The results showed that high doses of all antibiotics are required to inhibit the viability of Vibrio strains. 73.40% of the strains showed resistance to oxytetracycline at the tested doses. Conversely, enrofloxacin demonstrated higher efficacy, with 83% of the strains being sensitive to this antibiotic with MICs between 0.5 and 32 µg/mL. Florfenicol was the antibiotic to which strains showed the highest resistance, with 81.91% of the strains being resistant at the evaluated doses. 52.12% of the evaluated Vibrio strains presented resistance to more than one antibiotic. These results demonstrate that Vibrio bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance to oxytetracycline and florfenicol and the need to control antibiotic use in aquaculture.
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