Efectividad de repelentes comerciales y esencias botánicas contra la picadura de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) en Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco
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The use of repellents is one of the alternatives of protection against mosquito bites that act as vectors of diseases of public health interest. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of various repellents in the inhibition of the Aedes aegypti bite. The tests were carried out with 20 volunteers in "Arm in cage" systems, using female mosquitoes (F1) obtained in the laboratory, four commercial repellents and four plant essences. The results showed that the most effective commercial repellent was Fly-Out-extreme® with a repellence percentage (PER), of 75% for 5 hours. The product that showed the least protection was VITASKON Ecológico® with a PER of only 14% a in the first hour. In relation to the pure plant essences combined with vanilla essence, it was demonstrated that the essences of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum), at 20%, mixed with vanilla essence at 5%, obtained from 80 to 90% of protection for 2.5 hours. It is concluded that the use of natural repellents based on vegetable essences, homemade and reduced cost, can effectively replace commercial repellents by demonstrating high percentages of repellency and a long time of protection.
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Galavíz-Parada, J. D., Valdéz-Gómez, A. H., Ruíz-González, L. E., Montoya-Martínez, C. E., Vargas-Ceballos, M. A., Nolasco-Soria, H., Chong- Carrillo, O., & Vega-Villasante, F. (2021). Efectividad de repelentes comerciales y esencias botánicas contra la picadura de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) en Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 17(1). Recuperado a partir de https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/300
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Agrela, I. F., Palacios, K., Herrera, F. 2013. Efecto repelente de un extracto alcohólico de Syzygium aromaticum (Eugenia caryophyllata L. Myrtaceae) contra Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792) sobre piel humana. Avances en Ciencias de la Salud, 2(2): 13 – 19.
Cilek, J.E., Petersen, J.L., Hallmon, C.F. 2004. Comparative efficacy of ir3535 and Deet as repellents against adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Associtttion, 20(3): 299 – 304.
Curtis T., Williams, D.G. 1994. Aromatic materials: I-Aroma chemicals. In: Introduction to Perfumery. Ellis Harwood, UK, 140 –213.
Debboun, M., Strickman, D. 2013. Insect repellents and associated perso-nal protection for a reduction in human disease. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27:1 – 9.
Diéguez, F.I., Avelar, C., Zacarías, P.R., Salazar, Q.R. 2006. Contribución al estudio de la familia Culicidae de Guatemala: relación y distribución geográfica de las principales especies en la región norte. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical, 58 (1): 30 – 35.
Fernández, W., Iannacone, J., Rodríguez, E., Salazar, N., Valderrama, B., Morales, A.M. 2005. Comportamiento poblacional de larvas de Aedes aegypti para estimar los casos de dengue en Yurimaguas, Perú, 2000-2004. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 22 (3): 175 – 182.
Frances, S.P. 2007. Efficacy and safety of repellents containing deet, En: Deboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D. (Eds.), Insect repellents principles, methods and uses, CRP Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Guzmán, M.G., Hal-Stead, S.B., Artsob, H., Buchy, P., Farrar, J., Gubler, D.J., Hunsperger, E., Kroeger, A., Margolis, H.S., Martínez, E., Nathan, M.B., Pelegrino, JL., Simmons, C., Yoksan, S.,Peeling, R.W. 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8: S7 – S16.
Ibáñez-Bernal, S., Strickman, D., Martínez-Campos, C. 1996. Culicidae (Diptera), pp. 591-602. En: Llorente-Bousquets, J., García-Aldrete, A. N., González-Soriano, E. (Eds.) Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 660 pp.
Khan, A.A., Maibach, H.I., Skidmore, D.L. 1975. Addition of vanillin to mosquito repellents to increase protection time. Mosquito News, 35: 223 – 225.
Kumar, S., Wahab, N., Warikoo, R. 2011. Bioefficacy of Mentha piperita essential oil against dengue fever mosquito Aedes aegypti L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2: 85 – 88.
Lo, W.L., Mok, K.L., Yu Pui Ming, S.D. 2018. Which insect repellents should we choose? Implications from results of local market survey and review of current guidelines. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25 (5): 272 – 280.
McConnell, R., Henao, S., Nieto, Ó., Rosenstock, L., Trape, A.Z., Wesseling, C. 1994. Plaguicidas. Epidemiología Ambiental: Un Proyecto para América Latina y el Caribe (Finkelman J, Corey G, Calderon R, eds). Mexico City, México: Centro Panamericano de Ecología Humana y Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud,153 – 210.
Msangi, S., Kweka, E., Mahande, A. 2018. Repellent Activity of TRIG (N-N Diethyl Benzamide) against Man-Biting Mosquitoes. Journal of Tropical Medicine, ID 9037616.
Novak, R. 2000. The use of plant extracts as repellents for mosquitoes and biting flies. The abstract book of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. New Jersey. 44 p.
O' Farrill, H. 2004. Las plagas del hogar y el jardín. Ed. Universidad de Puerto Rico. Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos.
Odalo, J., Omolo, M., Malebo, H., Angira, J., Njeru, P., Ndiege, I., Hassanali, A. 2005. Repellency of essential oils of some plants from the Kenyan coast against Anopheles gambiae. Acta Tropical, 95: 210 – 218.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Repelentes IR3535 frente a la picadura de mosquitos. 2018 [Fecha de acceso 18-diciembre 2018].
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Enfermedad por el virus Zika. http://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zikavirus (acceso 10 Septiembre del 2018).
Pérez-Silva, A., Odoux, E., Brat, P., Ribeyre, F., RodríguezJiménez, G., Robles-Olvera, V., García-Alvarado, M.A., Günata, Z. 2006. GC–MS and GC- olfactometry analysis of aroma compounds in a representative organic aroma extract from cured vanilla (Vanilla planifolia G. Jack.) beans. Food Chemistry, 99: 728–735.
Phasomkusolsil, S., Soonwera, M. 2010. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plants oils against Aedes aegypty, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus based on protection time and biting rate. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Healt, 41: 831 – 840.
Rajkumar, S., Jebanesan, A. 2005. Repellency of volatile oils from Moschosma polystachyum and Solunum xanthocarpum against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Tropical Biomedicine, 22: 139 – 142.
Rueda, L.M., Rutledge, L.C., Gupta, R.K. 1998. Effect of skin abrasions on the efficacy of the repellent deet against Aedes aegypti. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 14: 178 – 182.
Rutledge, L.C. 1985. Mathematical models of the effectiveness and persistence of mosquito repellents. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 56 – 62.
Silva, G., Orrego, O., Hepp, R., Tapia, M. 2005. Búsqueda de plantas con propiedades insecticidas para el control de Sitophilus zeamais en maíz almacenado. Pesquisa agropecuária brasileira, 40: 11 – 17.
Tawatsin, A., Wratten, S.D., Scott, R.R., Thavara, U., Techadamrongsin, Y. 2001. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Journal of Vector Ecology, 26: 76 – 82.
Trongtokit, Y., Rongsriyam, Y., Komalamisra, N., Apiwathnasorn, C. 2005. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytotherapy Research, 19: 303 – 309.
Tuetun, B., Choochote, W., Kanjanapothi, D., Rattanachanpichai, E., Chaithong, U., Chaiwong, P., Jitpakdi, A., Tippawangkosol, P., Riyong, D., Pitasawat, B. 2005. Repellet properties of celery, Apium graveolens L., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10 (11): 1190 – 1198.
Uc-Puc, V., Herrera-Bojórquez, J., Carmona-Carballo, C., CheMendoza, A., Medina- Barreiro, A., Chablé-Santos, J., Arredondo-Jiménez, J.I., Flores-Suárez, A.E., ManriqueSaide, P. 2016. Effectiveness of commercial repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) in Yucatán, México. Salud Pública México, 58: 472 – 475.
World Health Organization. 2001. Report of the fourth WHOPES working group meeting. Geneva: WHO HQ. 2000.
World Health Organization. 1983. Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Integrated anti- Vector fight. Pp. 11 – 12.
World Health Organization. 2000. Review of IR3535; KBR3023; (RS)-methoprene 20% EC; pyriproxyfen 0.5% GR; and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% CS. World Health Organization, Geneva.
World Health Organization. 2009. Dengue Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Capítulo 1: 1 – 18.
Xue, R.D., Ali, A., Day, J.F. 2007. Commercially available insect repellents and criteria for their use, In: Debboun M., Frances S.P., Strickman D. (Eds.), Insect repellents principles, methods and uses, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Yang, P., Ma, Y. 2005. Repellent effect of plant essential oils againts Aedes albopictus. Journal of Vector Ecology, 30(2): 231 – 234.
Cilek, J.E., Petersen, J.L., Hallmon, C.F. 2004. Comparative efficacy of ir3535 and Deet as repellents against adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Associtttion, 20(3): 299 – 304.
Curtis T., Williams, D.G. 1994. Aromatic materials: I-Aroma chemicals. In: Introduction to Perfumery. Ellis Harwood, UK, 140 –213.
Debboun, M., Strickman, D. 2013. Insect repellents and associated perso-nal protection for a reduction in human disease. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27:1 – 9.
Diéguez, F.I., Avelar, C., Zacarías, P.R., Salazar, Q.R. 2006. Contribución al estudio de la familia Culicidae de Guatemala: relación y distribución geográfica de las principales especies en la región norte. Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical, 58 (1): 30 – 35.
Fernández, W., Iannacone, J., Rodríguez, E., Salazar, N., Valderrama, B., Morales, A.M. 2005. Comportamiento poblacional de larvas de Aedes aegypti para estimar los casos de dengue en Yurimaguas, Perú, 2000-2004. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 22 (3): 175 – 182.
Frances, S.P. 2007. Efficacy and safety of repellents containing deet, En: Deboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D. (Eds.), Insect repellents principles, methods and uses, CRP Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Guzmán, M.G., Hal-Stead, S.B., Artsob, H., Buchy, P., Farrar, J., Gubler, D.J., Hunsperger, E., Kroeger, A., Margolis, H.S., Martínez, E., Nathan, M.B., Pelegrino, JL., Simmons, C., Yoksan, S.,Peeling, R.W. 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8: S7 – S16.
Ibáñez-Bernal, S., Strickman, D., Martínez-Campos, C. 1996. Culicidae (Diptera), pp. 591-602. En: Llorente-Bousquets, J., García-Aldrete, A. N., González-Soriano, E. (Eds.) Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 660 pp.
Khan, A.A., Maibach, H.I., Skidmore, D.L. 1975. Addition of vanillin to mosquito repellents to increase protection time. Mosquito News, 35: 223 – 225.
Kumar, S., Wahab, N., Warikoo, R. 2011. Bioefficacy of Mentha piperita essential oil against dengue fever mosquito Aedes aegypti L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2: 85 – 88.
Lo, W.L., Mok, K.L., Yu Pui Ming, S.D. 2018. Which insect repellents should we choose? Implications from results of local market survey and review of current guidelines. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25 (5): 272 – 280.
McConnell, R., Henao, S., Nieto, Ó., Rosenstock, L., Trape, A.Z., Wesseling, C. 1994. Plaguicidas. Epidemiología Ambiental: Un Proyecto para América Latina y el Caribe (Finkelman J, Corey G, Calderon R, eds). Mexico City, México: Centro Panamericano de Ecología Humana y Salud/Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud,153 – 210.
Msangi, S., Kweka, E., Mahande, A. 2018. Repellent Activity of TRIG (N-N Diethyl Benzamide) against Man-Biting Mosquitoes. Journal of Tropical Medicine, ID 9037616.
Novak, R. 2000. The use of plant extracts as repellents for mosquitoes and biting flies. The abstract book of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. New Jersey. 44 p.
O' Farrill, H. 2004. Las plagas del hogar y el jardín. Ed. Universidad de Puerto Rico. Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos.
Odalo, J., Omolo, M., Malebo, H., Angira, J., Njeru, P., Ndiege, I., Hassanali, A. 2005. Repellency of essential oils of some plants from the Kenyan coast against Anopheles gambiae. Acta Tropical, 95: 210 – 218.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Repelentes IR3535 frente a la picadura de mosquitos. 2018 [Fecha de acceso 18-diciembre 2018].
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Enfermedad por el virus Zika. http://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zikavirus (acceso 10 Septiembre del 2018).
Pérez-Silva, A., Odoux, E., Brat, P., Ribeyre, F., RodríguezJiménez, G., Robles-Olvera, V., García-Alvarado, M.A., Günata, Z. 2006. GC–MS and GC- olfactometry analysis of aroma compounds in a representative organic aroma extract from cured vanilla (Vanilla planifolia G. Jack.) beans. Food Chemistry, 99: 728–735.
Phasomkusolsil, S., Soonwera, M. 2010. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plants oils against Aedes aegypty, Anopheles minimus and Culex quinquefasciatus based on protection time and biting rate. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Healt, 41: 831 – 840.
Rajkumar, S., Jebanesan, A. 2005. Repellency of volatile oils from Moschosma polystachyum and Solunum xanthocarpum against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Tropical Biomedicine, 22: 139 – 142.
Rueda, L.M., Rutledge, L.C., Gupta, R.K. 1998. Effect of skin abrasions on the efficacy of the repellent deet against Aedes aegypti. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 14: 178 – 182.
Rutledge, L.C. 1985. Mathematical models of the effectiveness and persistence of mosquito repellents. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 56 – 62.
Silva, G., Orrego, O., Hepp, R., Tapia, M. 2005. Búsqueda de plantas con propiedades insecticidas para el control de Sitophilus zeamais en maíz almacenado. Pesquisa agropecuária brasileira, 40: 11 – 17.
Tawatsin, A., Wratten, S.D., Scott, R.R., Thavara, U., Techadamrongsin, Y. 2001. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Journal of Vector Ecology, 26: 76 – 82.
Trongtokit, Y., Rongsriyam, Y., Komalamisra, N., Apiwathnasorn, C. 2005. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytotherapy Research, 19: 303 – 309.
Tuetun, B., Choochote, W., Kanjanapothi, D., Rattanachanpichai, E., Chaithong, U., Chaiwong, P., Jitpakdi, A., Tippawangkosol, P., Riyong, D., Pitasawat, B. 2005. Repellet properties of celery, Apium graveolens L., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10 (11): 1190 – 1198.
Uc-Puc, V., Herrera-Bojórquez, J., Carmona-Carballo, C., CheMendoza, A., Medina- Barreiro, A., Chablé-Santos, J., Arredondo-Jiménez, J.I., Flores-Suárez, A.E., ManriqueSaide, P. 2016. Effectiveness of commercial repellents against Aedes aegypti (L.) in Yucatán, México. Salud Pública México, 58: 472 – 475.
World Health Organization. 2001. Report of the fourth WHOPES working group meeting. Geneva: WHO HQ. 2000.
World Health Organization. 1983. Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Integrated anti- Vector fight. Pp. 11 – 12.
World Health Organization. 2000. Review of IR3535; KBR3023; (RS)-methoprene 20% EC; pyriproxyfen 0.5% GR; and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% CS. World Health Organization, Geneva.
World Health Organization. 2009. Dengue Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Capítulo 1: 1 – 18.
Xue, R.D., Ali, A., Day, J.F. 2007. Commercially available insect repellents and criteria for their use, In: Debboun M., Frances S.P., Strickman D. (Eds.), Insect repellents principles, methods and uses, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Yang, P., Ma, Y. 2005. Repellent effect of plant essential oils againts Aedes albopictus. Journal of Vector Ecology, 30(2): 231 – 234.