Assessment of the spatial distribution of dairy farms for the management of waste generated in the basin of Delicias, Chihuahua.

Abstract

Many countries join to the adequate management of the natural resources, as well as to the control of the contamination, by means of the implementation of tools that serve to have a better monitoring of the natural resources. Diverse materials deteriorate the quality water and they do it useless for the supposed uses. The objective of this work is to evaluate the quality of the water of the lagoons Mexican, Patos, Encinillas and Bustillos of the Chihuahua state. Two points in each lagoon were sampled of superficial water and sediment. For the samples of water the analysis of pH, electric conductivity, temperature and disolved oxygen was carried out in field. Greases and oils, total solids and suspended, chemical demand of oxygen (DQO) and metals were quantified subsequently in the laboratory. To the samples of sediment only metals were quantified by spectrometry of emission by plasma (ICP). The value of pH found in the Encinillas lagoon in the point 1 is found out of the permissible limits (6.5 to 8.5), presenting difference among the values obtained in the two points of sampling by lagoon . The results obtained for disolved oxygen they are found in low values. In the results of DQO was found that the greater values are presented in the Bustillos lagoon, which they are found close to the limit of 100 mg l-1 permitted for sewage. Itself the presence of greases and oils was not detected in none of the samples. In the Patos and Bustillos lagoon high concentrations of solids above the value permitted by regulatory are presented. In the case of the solids suspended total only the Encinillas lagoon is found inside the permissible maximum limits for basic contaminants in natural wetlands which they are found between 75 and 125 mg l-1. In the qualitative analysis carried out by ICP was found the presence from Al, As, Ca, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V y Zn. Upon quantifying them, the elements that surpass the permissible limits by regulatory for water are Al and Mn in all the lagoons and Hg, Pb in Patos lagoon. Taking as base the limits recommended by Canada (Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines) for levels of metals in agricultural soil use are surpassed these limits in the case of the molybdenum (5 mg kg -1), sulfur (500 mg kg-1) and arsenic (12 mg kg-1). The Bustillos Lagoon, presented the highest values as for the respected parameters in this study.