Evaluación de la contaminación por metales pesados y arsénico en sedimento en embalses del estado de Chihuahua, México
Main Article Content
Abstract
The pollution due to heavy metals and metalloids has gained a major relevance worldwide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pollution due to big concentrations of heavy metals and Arsenic in the water sediments of the following dams: La Boquilla, Las Vírgenes and El Granero; all three are located in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Sediment samples were obtained in two different places at each dam during the four seasons of years 2005 and 2006. A sediment sample of 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) was taken at a distance of 1.5 m (4.92 ft) from each dam’s shore. A portion of 1 kg (2.2 lb) of the sample was used to determine the MO, pH, salinity and clay contents. The metals were analyzed after making an acid extraction. The As was analyzed using a spectrometer coupled with a hydride generator; while Cu, Pb and Zn were analyzed using ICP. A multivariate analysis with a significance level of 95% was made to the data. The results showed that As and Pb concentrations in the sediments did not vary in the three dams (P>0.05), while Zn levels varied in the three dams (P<0.05). On the other hand, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations varied through the four seasons (P<0.05). The highest concentration of As (15.65 ± 2.49 mg kg-1), Cu (4.50 ± 1.14 mg kg-1) and Zn (118.10 ± 12.56 mg kg-1) in the three dams was found to be under the acceptable levels. Pb concentrations were found to be above the 50 mg kg-1 recommended. We consider that the three tested dams showed a strong pollution due mainly to Pb during the four seasons of a year.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
ATSDR b, 2005. Plomo (Lead). Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Estados Unidos de America.
CES, 2003. Plomo y sus compuestos inorgánicos. Centre for ecological sciences, India.
García, I. y Dorronsoro, C., 2006. Contaminación por metales pesados. España.
Gutiérrez, M. y Borrego, P., 1999. Water quality assessment of the rio Conchos, Chihuahua, Mexico. Environment International, 25: 573-583.
Gutiérrez, M., 1999. Trace elements concentration patterns in sediments of the lower rio Conchos, Mexico. Water, air and soil pollution, 121: 259-270.
Holguín, H., Rubio, H., Olave, M.E., Saucedo, R., Gutiérrez, M. y Bautista, R., 2006. Calidad del agua del río Conchos en la región de Ojinaga, Chihuahua: Parámetros fisicoquímicos, metales y metaloides. Universidad y Ciencia, Trópico Húmedo, 22(1): 51-63
Kertész, V., Bakonyi, G. y Farkas, B., 2006. Water pollution by Cu and Pb can adversely affect mallard embryonic development. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 65: 67-73.
Kelly, M.E., 2001. El río Conchos: Un informe preliminar. Texas Center for Policy Studies.
Lu, X.Q., Werner, I. y Young, T.M., 2005. Geochemistry and bioavailability of metals in sediments from northern San Francisco bay, Environment International, 31(4): 593-602.
Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M. y Jager, T., 2003. Monitoring approaches to assess bioaccessibility and bioavailability of metals: Matrix issues. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 56: 63-77.
Rubio, H., Saucedo, R.A., Wood, K., Nuñez, A. y Jimenez, J., 2005. Metal contamination of a riparian area in the Conchos watershed of Chihuahua, Mexico. Water Resources Management III, 80: 269-274.
Rubio, H., Word, K. y Alanis, H.E., 2004. Water pollution in the rios Conchos of northern Mexico, En: G. Latini, G. Passerini y C.A. Brebbia (Eds), Development and application of computer techniques to environmental studies X. Wit Press, pp167-176.
Santos-Bermejo, J.C., Beltran, R. y Gómez-Ariza., 2003. Spatial variations of heavy metals contamination in sediments from Odiel river (Southwest Spain). Environment International, 29(1): 67-77.
SAGARPA, 2003. Hidrografía del estado de Chihuahua. Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. México.
Ščančar, J., Milačič, R. y Horvat, M., 1999. Comparison of various digestion and extraction procedures in analysis of heavy metals in sediment. Water, air and soil pollution, 118: 87-99.
Valitutto, S.R., Sella, S.M., Silva-Filho, E.V., Guimarães-Pereira, R. y Miekeley, N., 2006. Accumulation of metals in macrophytes from water reservoirs of a power suplí plant, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Water, air and soil pollution, 178: 89-12.
Vardanyan, L.G. y Ingole, B.S., 2006. Studies on heavy metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Sevan (Armenia) and Carambolim (India) lake systems. Environment International, 32(2): 208-218.
Wang, Y., Liang. L., Shi, J. y Jiang, G., 2005. Study on the contamination of heavy metals and their correlations in mollusks collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai sea. Environment International, 31: 1103-1113.
Chen, Z.S., 2000. Relationship between heavy metal concentrations in soils of Taiwan and uptake by crops. Taiwan.