Obtention and characterization of physically activated carbons from Veitchia merriillii palm seeds
Main Article Content
Abstract
Physically activated carbons at 673K, 873K and 1073K were obtained from Veitchia Merriillii palm seeds with short activation time of 30 minutes, and CO2 as activating gas. CO2, NH3, C3H6 and C3H8 adsorption at 273K was used to characterize the narrow microporosity and the possible molecular sieve effects of these carbons, and mercury porosimetry was used to determine the macropore and mesopore volumen. NH3 and CO2experimental isotherms were fitted with Dubinin model and C3H6 and C3H8 isotherms were fitted with Langmuir model. The experimental results showed that the microporous volume values were increased by the increase of activation temperatures and meso and macroporosity were almost not affected by the changes of these temperatures. The CO2 and NH3 adsorptions showed that in the obtained carbons ultramicroporosity and microporosity were present and molecular sieve effects were observed in the C3H6 and C3H8 adsorption in activated carbons obtained at 873 and 1073K. The preferential adsorption of C3H6 molecule showed that the activated carbons obtained at 873K and 1073K could be used to separate this component of the C3H6-C3H8 mixture by equilibrium adsorption procedure.
Article Details
How to Cite
Blanco-Flores, A. (2011). Obtention and characterization of physically activated carbons from Veitchia merriillii palm seeds. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 7(1), 1-14. Retrieved from https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/188
Section
Original Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Anirudhan, T.S., Sreekumari, S.S. y Bringle, C.D. 2009. Removal of phenols from water and petroleum industry refinery effluents by activated carbon obtained from coconut coir pith. Adsorption. 15: 439–45.
Autie, Pérez, M., Autie, Castro, G., Guerra, Echegarrúa, M., González, E., de las Pozas, C., Tancredi, N., Amaya, A. y Piriz, J. 2004. Adsorción de etano y etileno en carbones activados y zeolitas en Tecnología limpia para el aprovechamiento de olefinas ligeras. Ediciones CYTED 2004. Alirio Rodrígues Editor.
Autie, Pérez, M., Fernández, García, M. y Carrera, Glacial, M. 2001. Adsorción de amoniaco en carbón activado. Revista CENIC de Ciencias Químicas, 32: 149-152.
Autie-Castro, G., Autie, M., Reguera, E., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodríguez-Castellón, E.,Jomenez-López, A., Santamaría- Gonzalez, J. 2010. Adsorption and separation of propane and propylene by porous hexacyanometallates. Appl. Surf. Sci. (2010), doi: 10.1016/J.asusc.2010.10.003
Bering, B. P., Dubinin, M.M. y Serpinsky, V. V. 1966. Theory of volume filling for vapor adsorption. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 21: 378-393.
Breck, D. W. Zeolite Molecular Sieves. John Wiley & Sons. 1974.
Caturla, F., Molina-Sabio, M. y Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., 1991. Preparation of activated cabon by chemical activation with ZnCl2. Carbon, 29: 999-1007.
Derylo-Marczewska, A., Miroslaw, K., Marczewski, A. W. y Sternik, D., 2010. Studies of adsorption equilibria and kinetics of o-, m-, p-nitro- and chlorophenols on microporous carbons from aqueous solutions. Adsorption. 16: 359–375
Dubinin, M.M. y Kadlets, O. 1987. Novel Ideas in the theory of the physical adsorption of vapors on micropore adsorbents. Carbon. 25: 321-324.
Dubinin, M.M. 1985. Generalization of the theory of volume filling of micropores to nonhomogeneous microporous structures. Carbon. 23: 373-380.
Dubinin, M.M. y Stoeckli, H.F. 1980. Homogeneous and heterogeneous micropore structures in carbonaceous adsorbents. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 75: 34-42.
Dubinin M. M., Lozhkova N.C. y Onusaiitis B. A. 1974. En Clinoptilolite. Proceedinggs of the symposium on the problems of clinoptilolite studies and application. Tbilisi, Georgia, 2-4 November, 1974. Edit. Mietsniereba, 1974 (En ruso).
Dubinin, M. M. 1965. Poristaia structura y adsorbtsionnie svoistva activnix uglei. Editora de la Academia de Defensa Química de la URSS. Moscú,. En Ruso.
Dubinin, M. M., Zaverina, E. D., Radushkievich, L. V. 1947. Sorbtsia y structura aktivnix uglei. I. Issledovanie adsorbtsii organicheskix parov. Zh. Fiz. Khim. XXI: 1351-1362. En ruso.
Dubinin, M. M., Zaverina, E., Sorbtsia, D., Structura aktivnix uglei. II. Issledovanie adsorbtsii vodianix parov. Zh. Fiz. Khim. 1947. XXI: 1373-1386. En ruso.
Guerasimov Ia., Dreving V., Eriomin E., Kisiliov, A.,Lebedev V., Panchenkov G., y Shliguin A. 1980. Curso de química física. Editorial MIR. Moscú 1980. Tomo I Cap. XVI.
Guo, J. y Lua, A. C. 1999. Textural and chemical characterisations of activated carbon prepared from oil-palm stone with H2SO4 and KOH impregnation. Micro. Mesop. Materials. 32: 111-117.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. 54 th Edition 1973-1974.
IUPAC. 1985. Definitions, Pure and App. Chem. 57, 603.
Kadirvelu, K., Palanival, M., Kalpana, R. y Rajeswari, S. 2000. Activated carbon from an agricultural by-product, for treatment of dyeng industry wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 74: 263-265.
Kannan, N. y Sundaram, M. M. 2001. Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons-a comparative study. Dyes and Pigments. 51 (2001) 25-40.
López-González J. de D., Martínez-Vilchez F., Rodríguez-Reinoso F. 1980. Preparation and characterization of active carbons from olive stones. Carbon, 18, 6, 413-418.
Mak, S.M., Tey, B.T., Cheah, K.Y., Siew, W.L. y Tan, K.K. 2009. Porosity characteristics and pore developments of various particle sizes palm kernel shells activated carbon (PKSAC) and its potential applications. Adsorption. 15: 507–519.
Márquez, F., Autie, M. y de las Pozas, C. 1997. Estudio de la porosidad de un carbón activado obtenido de aserrin. Revista CENIC de Ciencias Químicas. 28: 31-32.
Marsh, H. y Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. 2006. Activated Carbon. Elsevier.
Marsh H. 1994. Origins and structure of porosity in carbons. En Science and Technology of Activated Carbon. Short Course. Alicante 2-7 Octubre 1994.
Martín-Martínez J. M. 1990. Adsorción Física de Gases y Vapores por carbones. Editora: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante.
Pastor-Villegas, J. y Durán-Valle, C.J. 2002. Pore structure of activated carbons prepared by carbon dioxide and steam activation at different temperatures from extracted rockrose. Carbon. 40: 397–402.
Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., Cordero, T. y Rodríguez, J.J. 1993a. Activated carbons from CO2 partial gasification of eucalyptus kraft lignin. Energy & Fuels. 7: 133-138.
Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., Cordero, T. y Rodríguez, J.J. 1993b. Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin. Carbon. 31: 87-95.
Rodríguez Reinoso F. 2002. Production and Applications of Activated Carbons. En Handbook of Porous Solids. Vol.3. pag. 1766-1827, Wiley-VCH. Edited by Ferdi Schutth, Kenneth S. W. Sing, and Jens Weitkamp.
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., Molina-Sabio, M., González, M. T. 1995. The use of steam and CO2 as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons. Carbon, 33: 15-23.
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. 1991. Controlled gasification of carbon and pore structure development: in Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity, J. Lahaye and P. Ehrburger Editors., Kluwer Academic Publishers. 533-571.
Rodríguez-Reinoso F. López-González y Berenguer C. 1982. Activated carbons from Almond Shells 1: Preparation and characterization by nitrogen adsorption. Carbon 20, 13, 513-518.
Sathishkumar, M., Vijayaraghavan, K., Binupriya, A. R., Stephan, A. M., Choi, J. G. y Yun, S.E. 2008. Porogen effect on characteristics of banana pith carbon and the sorption of dichlorophenols. Journal Colloid Interface Sci, 320: 22-29.
Tan, I. A., Ahmad, A. L. y Hameed, B. H. 2007. Enhancement of basic dye adsorption uptake from aqueos solutions using chemically modified oil palm shell activated carbon. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.12.018.
Tancredi, N., Cordero, T., Rodríguez-Mirasol, J. y Rodríguez, J. J. 1996. Activated carbons from Uruguayan eucalyptus wood. Fuel. 75: 1701-1706.
Urabe, Y., Ishikura, T. y Kaneko, K. 2008. Development of porosity in carbons from yeast grains by activation with alcali metal carbonates. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 319: 381-383.
Warhurst, A. M., Fowler, G. D., Mcconnachie, G. L., y Pollard, S. J. T. 1997. Pore structure and adsorption characteristics of steam pyrolysis carbons from Moringa Oleifera. Carbon, 35: 1039-1045.
Young D. M., Crowel A. D. 1962. Physical Adsorption of Gases. Butherworths.
Zamora, B., Autie, M., Contreras, J, L., Centeno, M., and Reguera, E. 2010. Separation of oxigen and nitrogen by porous cyanometallates. Sep. Sci. Tech. 45: 692-699, 2010.
Zhang, H., Yan, Y. y Yang, L. 2010. Preparation of activated carbon from sawdust by zinc chloride activation. Adsorption. 16: 161–166.
Autie, Pérez, M., Autie, Castro, G., Guerra, Echegarrúa, M., González, E., de las Pozas, C., Tancredi, N., Amaya, A. y Piriz, J. 2004. Adsorción de etano y etileno en carbones activados y zeolitas en Tecnología limpia para el aprovechamiento de olefinas ligeras. Ediciones CYTED 2004. Alirio Rodrígues Editor.
Autie, Pérez, M., Fernández, García, M. y Carrera, Glacial, M. 2001. Adsorción de amoniaco en carbón activado. Revista CENIC de Ciencias Químicas, 32: 149-152.
Autie-Castro, G., Autie, M., Reguera, E., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodríguez-Castellón, E.,Jomenez-López, A., Santamaría- Gonzalez, J. 2010. Adsorption and separation of propane and propylene by porous hexacyanometallates. Appl. Surf. Sci. (2010), doi: 10.1016/J.asusc.2010.10.003
Bering, B. P., Dubinin, M.M. y Serpinsky, V. V. 1966. Theory of volume filling for vapor adsorption. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 21: 378-393.
Breck, D. W. Zeolite Molecular Sieves. John Wiley & Sons. 1974.
Caturla, F., Molina-Sabio, M. y Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., 1991. Preparation of activated cabon by chemical activation with ZnCl2. Carbon, 29: 999-1007.
Derylo-Marczewska, A., Miroslaw, K., Marczewski, A. W. y Sternik, D., 2010. Studies of adsorption equilibria and kinetics of o-, m-, p-nitro- and chlorophenols on microporous carbons from aqueous solutions. Adsorption. 16: 359–375
Dubinin, M.M. y Kadlets, O. 1987. Novel Ideas in the theory of the physical adsorption of vapors on micropore adsorbents. Carbon. 25: 321-324.
Dubinin, M.M. 1985. Generalization of the theory of volume filling of micropores to nonhomogeneous microporous structures. Carbon. 23: 373-380.
Dubinin, M.M. y Stoeckli, H.F. 1980. Homogeneous and heterogeneous micropore structures in carbonaceous adsorbents. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 75: 34-42.
Dubinin M. M., Lozhkova N.C. y Onusaiitis B. A. 1974. En Clinoptilolite. Proceedinggs of the symposium on the problems of clinoptilolite studies and application. Tbilisi, Georgia, 2-4 November, 1974. Edit. Mietsniereba, 1974 (En ruso).
Dubinin, M. M. 1965. Poristaia structura y adsorbtsionnie svoistva activnix uglei. Editora de la Academia de Defensa Química de la URSS. Moscú,. En Ruso.
Dubinin, M. M., Zaverina, E. D., Radushkievich, L. V. 1947. Sorbtsia y structura aktivnix uglei. I. Issledovanie adsorbtsii organicheskix parov. Zh. Fiz. Khim. XXI: 1351-1362. En ruso.
Dubinin, M. M., Zaverina, E., Sorbtsia, D., Structura aktivnix uglei. II. Issledovanie adsorbtsii vodianix parov. Zh. Fiz. Khim. 1947. XXI: 1373-1386. En ruso.
Guerasimov Ia., Dreving V., Eriomin E., Kisiliov, A.,Lebedev V., Panchenkov G., y Shliguin A. 1980. Curso de química física. Editorial MIR. Moscú 1980. Tomo I Cap. XVI.
Guo, J. y Lua, A. C. 1999. Textural and chemical characterisations of activated carbon prepared from oil-palm stone with H2SO4 and KOH impregnation. Micro. Mesop. Materials. 32: 111-117.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. 54 th Edition 1973-1974.
IUPAC. 1985. Definitions, Pure and App. Chem. 57, 603.
Kadirvelu, K., Palanival, M., Kalpana, R. y Rajeswari, S. 2000. Activated carbon from an agricultural by-product, for treatment of dyeng industry wastewater. Bioresour. Technol. 74: 263-265.
Kannan, N. y Sundaram, M. M. 2001. Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons-a comparative study. Dyes and Pigments. 51 (2001) 25-40.
López-González J. de D., Martínez-Vilchez F., Rodríguez-Reinoso F. 1980. Preparation and characterization of active carbons from olive stones. Carbon, 18, 6, 413-418.
Mak, S.M., Tey, B.T., Cheah, K.Y., Siew, W.L. y Tan, K.K. 2009. Porosity characteristics and pore developments of various particle sizes palm kernel shells activated carbon (PKSAC) and its potential applications. Adsorption. 15: 507–519.
Márquez, F., Autie, M. y de las Pozas, C. 1997. Estudio de la porosidad de un carbón activado obtenido de aserrin. Revista CENIC de Ciencias Químicas. 28: 31-32.
Marsh, H. y Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. 2006. Activated Carbon. Elsevier.
Marsh H. 1994. Origins and structure of porosity in carbons. En Science and Technology of Activated Carbon. Short Course. Alicante 2-7 Octubre 1994.
Martín-Martínez J. M. 1990. Adsorción Física de Gases y Vapores por carbones. Editora: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante.
Pastor-Villegas, J. y Durán-Valle, C.J. 2002. Pore structure of activated carbons prepared by carbon dioxide and steam activation at different temperatures from extracted rockrose. Carbon. 40: 397–402.
Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., Cordero, T. y Rodríguez, J.J. 1993a. Activated carbons from CO2 partial gasification of eucalyptus kraft lignin. Energy & Fuels. 7: 133-138.
Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., Cordero, T. y Rodríguez, J.J. 1993b. Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin. Carbon. 31: 87-95.
Rodríguez Reinoso F. 2002. Production and Applications of Activated Carbons. En Handbook of Porous Solids. Vol.3. pag. 1766-1827, Wiley-VCH. Edited by Ferdi Schutth, Kenneth S. W. Sing, and Jens Weitkamp.
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., Molina-Sabio, M., González, M. T. 1995. The use of steam and CO2 as activating agents in the preparation of activated carbons. Carbon, 33: 15-23.
Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. 1991. Controlled gasification of carbon and pore structure development: in Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity, J. Lahaye and P. Ehrburger Editors., Kluwer Academic Publishers. 533-571.
Rodríguez-Reinoso F. López-González y Berenguer C. 1982. Activated carbons from Almond Shells 1: Preparation and characterization by nitrogen adsorption. Carbon 20, 13, 513-518.
Sathishkumar, M., Vijayaraghavan, K., Binupriya, A. R., Stephan, A. M., Choi, J. G. y Yun, S.E. 2008. Porogen effect on characteristics of banana pith carbon and the sorption of dichlorophenols. Journal Colloid Interface Sci, 320: 22-29.
Tan, I. A., Ahmad, A. L. y Hameed, B. H. 2007. Enhancement of basic dye adsorption uptake from aqueos solutions using chemically modified oil palm shell activated carbon. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.12.018.
Tancredi, N., Cordero, T., Rodríguez-Mirasol, J. y Rodríguez, J. J. 1996. Activated carbons from Uruguayan eucalyptus wood. Fuel. 75: 1701-1706.
Urabe, Y., Ishikura, T. y Kaneko, K. 2008. Development of porosity in carbons from yeast grains by activation with alcali metal carbonates. Journal Colloids Interface Sci. 319: 381-383.
Warhurst, A. M., Fowler, G. D., Mcconnachie, G. L., y Pollard, S. J. T. 1997. Pore structure and adsorption characteristics of steam pyrolysis carbons from Moringa Oleifera. Carbon, 35: 1039-1045.
Young D. M., Crowel A. D. 1962. Physical Adsorption of Gases. Butherworths.
Zamora, B., Autie, M., Contreras, J, L., Centeno, M., and Reguera, E. 2010. Separation of oxigen and nitrogen by porous cyanometallates. Sep. Sci. Tech. 45: 692-699, 2010.
Zhang, H., Yan, Y. y Yang, L. 2010. Preparation of activated carbon from sawdust by zinc chloride activation. Adsorption. 16: 161–166.