Water use efficiency in wheat (Triticum durum L.) in the Yaqui Valley under a climate change scenario
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Abstract
In the Experimental Center for Technological Transference (CETT-910) of the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, an experiment was carried out, under field conditions. The objective was to evaluate the water use efficiency of wheat, using as an experimental model the crystalline wheat variety CIRNO C2008. Heat was applied to the crop canopy in order to impose an increase temperature +2 °C over the control ambient temperature. The heat was generated by using thermal radiators placed over triangular equilateral structures of 5.2 m2 of side. Radiators were deployed to induce experimental warming by 2°C (Warming treatment) above ambient crop canopy temperature (Control treatment) in a temperature free-air controlled enhancement, T-FACE, system. Water use efficiency was evaluated by a relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration which were measured by using a portable gas exchange measurement system (IRGA 6400). Measurements were done in well exposed leaves to sunlight when PAR was higher than 1500 μmol m-2 s-1. Such measurements were carried out during Tillering, Heading and Grain filling phenophases. The heat on crop canopy reduced the water use efficiency of CIRNO C2008 wheat variety, showing the negative effect of warming on the water regime of wheat. The increase in transpiration was the component with the greatest contribution to the water use efficiency variability of the variety used as an experimental model.
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