Presence of class I and II integrons for antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serotypes of livestock importance in Northwestern Mexico
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Abstract
In recent years it has been reported the existence of genetic units called integrons, capable of harboring antibiotic resistance genes. Salmonella spp., Due to its importance in public and animal health, and its increased resistance to antimicrobials, is one of the most studied groups of bacteria. In order to determine the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of class I and II integrons, 185 strains identified as Salmonella were studied and obtained from various sources in the northwest of the country. Antibiograms were performed for the isolates and their identity was corroborated by phenotypic, serological and genotypic means; The presence of class I and II integrons was sought using the real-time PCR technique. The serotypes found were Salmonella Cholerasuis (47%), Salmonella Enteritidis (10.8%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (11.9%); 30.3% could not be typified with the antiserum set for group D and E. Of the 12 antimicrobials used, the 185 strains tested were sensitive to amikacin and netilmicin while for the other 10 antimicrobials, different degrees of resistance were found. The resistance was presented from one to seven antibiotics. 29.18% of the strains presented multiresistance for more than three antibiotics. 37.29% of the Salmonella studied presented the class I integron, and only 1.1% presented the class II integron. The relationship between the isolates that presented class I and antimicrobial resistance was with the antibiotics of pefloxacin (100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (90.5%). Likewise, those who showed multiresistance presented class I integron in 57.40% of the cases. It is concluded that these isolates carry at least the two classes of integrons and that there is a correlation with the profile obtained with antibiograms and multiresistance.
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