Effects of environmental conditions on biofilm in vitro formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the topographic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm, its kinetic and the effect of pH and temperature on biofilm formation. The biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed in Luria Bertani broth in the lab-tek II plates, incubated at 35 °C during 4, 8, 12 or 24 h, for kinetic determinations; at 25°C and 44°C during 24 h for temperature variation; and at pH 6.4 and 7.4 during 24 h for pH variation. Biofilm was analyzed by means of atomic force microscope. Topographic analysis of the images of biofilm formation by means of atomic force microscopy showed the formation of a monolayer at 4 h, the segregation of extracellular polymeric substances at 8 h, and formation of mature biofilm, with the presence of water channels at 24 h. When comparing the volume, area and perimeter of the hills, as well as the water channels, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between 4 and 8 h mainly in the water channels areas. According to the pH and temperature parameters, the distribution was homogenously observed at 25 and 44 °C and heterogeneously at 35 °C, while the biofilm at 6.4 and 7.4 pH parameters are totally heterogeneous; in both parameters, a different number of wáter channels was found, but no significant difference was observed.
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Mendoza-Hernández, J. C. (2008). Effects of environmental conditions on biofilm in vitro formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 4(1), 3-16. Retrieved from https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/98
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Original Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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Mok, K.C., Wingreen, N.S., Bassler, B.L., 2003. Vibrio harveyi quorum sensing: a coincidence detector for two autoinducers controls gene expression. The European Molecular Biology Organization Journal, 22: 870-881
Neu, T.R., Swerhone, D.W., Lawrence, J., 2001. Assessment of lectin-binding analysis for in situ detection of glycoconjugates in biofilm systems. Microbiology, 147:299-313.
Philippsen, A., Wonpil, I., Andreas, E., Tilman, S., Benoit, R., Müller D.J., 2002. Imaging the electrostatic potential of transmembrane channels: atomic probe microscopy of OMpF porin. Biophysical Journal, 82: 1667-1676.
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Spoering, A.L., Lewis, K., 2001. Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pesudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials. Journal of Bacteriology, 183:6746-6751.
Stoodley, P.S., Wilson, R.C., Piscitteli, C., Rupp, C.J., 2001. Detachment and other dynamic processes in bacterial biofilms. Surfaces in Biomaterials Foundation. 189-191.
Sutherland, I.W., 2001. Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework. Microbiology, 147: 3-9.
Tumbarello, M., Spanu, T., Sanguinetti, M., Citton, R., Montour, E., Leone, F., Fadad, G., Cauda, R., 2006. Bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum—Lactamaseproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors, molecular epidemiology and clinical outcome. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50: 498-504.
Vadillo-Rodríguez, V., Busscher, H.J., Willem, N., Joop, V., Dijkstra, R.J., Stokroos, I., Van der Mei, H.C., 2004.
Comparison of atomic force microscopy interaction forces between bacteria and silicon nitride substrata for three commonly used immobilization methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 5441-5446.
Venugopalan, V.P., Kuehn, M., Hausner, M., Springael, D., Wilderer, P.A., y Wuertz, S., 2005. Architecture of a nascent Sphingomonas sp. biofilm under varied hydrodynamic conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 2677-2686
Wentland, E. J., Stewart, P.S., Huang, C.T., McFeters, G.A., 1996. Spatial variations in growth rate within Klebsiella pneumoniae colonies and biofilm. Biotechnology Progress 12: 316-321.
Bagge, N., Morten, H., Andersen, J.B., Ciofu, O., Givskov, M., Hoiby, N., 2004. Dynamics and spatial distribution of ¬-Lactamase expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48: 1168-1174.
Balaban, N., Giacometti, A., Cirioni, O., Yel, G., Ghiselli, R., Mocchegiani, F., Viticchi, C., Del Prete, M.S., Saba, V., Scalise, G., Dell’Acqua, G., 2003. Use of quorum sensing inhibitor RNAIII-Inhibiting peptide to prevent biofilms formation in vivo by drug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Journal of Infectious. Diseases, 187: 625-630.
Caplenas, N.R., Kanarek, M.S., Dufour, A.P., 1981. Source and extent of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the paper industry. Applied and Environmental Microbiolology, 42: 779-785.
Chevalier, J., Atifi, S., Eyraud, A., Mahamoud, A., Barbe, J., Pages, J.M., 2001. New pyridoquinoline efflux pump in resistant Enterobacter aerogenes Strains. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44: 4023-4026.
Davey, M.E., O’Toole, G.A., 2000. Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64: 847-867.
Donlan, R.M., Piede, J.A., Heyes, C.D., Sanil, L., Murgan, R., Edmonds, P., El-Sayed, I., El-Sayed, M.A., 2004. Model system for growing and quantifying Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms in situ and in real time. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 4980-4988.
Gander, S., Hayward, K., Finch, R., 2002. An investigation of the antimicrobial effects of linezolid on bacterial biofilms utilizing an in vitro pharmacokinetic Model. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 49: 301–308.
Gill, S.R., Fouts, D.E., Archer, G.L., Mongodin, E.F., DeBody, R.T., Ravel, J., Paulsen, I.T., Kolonay, J.F., Brinkac, L., Beanan, M., Dodson, R.J., Daugherty, S.C., Madupu, R., Angiuoli, S.V., Durkin, A.S., Haft, D.H., Vamathevan, J., Khouri, H., Utterback, T., Lee, C., Dimitrov, G., Jiang, L., Oin, H., Weidman, J., Tran, K., Kang, K., Hance, I.R., Nelson, K.E., Fraser C.M., 2005. Insights on evolution of virulence and resistance from the complete genome analysis of an early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and a biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylicoccus epidernidis strain. Journal of Bacteriology, 187: 2426-2438.
Gerding, D.N., Buxton, A.E., Hughes, R.A., Cleary, D.P., Arbaczawski, J., Stamm, W.E., 1979. Nosocomial multiply resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology of an outbreak of apparent index case origin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 15: 608-615.
Henderson, I.R., y Nataro, J.P., 2001. Virulence functions of autotransporter proteins. Infection and Immunity, 69: 1231-1243.
Head, N.E., Yu, H., 2004. Cross-Sectional analysis of clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: biofilm formation, virulence, and genome Diversity. Infection and Immunity, 72:133-144.
Hentzer, M., Riedel, K., Rasmussen, T.B., Heydorn, A., Andersen, J.B., 2002. Inhibition of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria by a halogenated furanone compound. Microbiology, 148: 87-102.
Jefferson, K.K., Goldmann, D.A., Pier, G.B., 2005. Use of confocal microscopy to analyze the rate of vancomycin penetration through Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49: 2467-2473.
Jones, J.F., Feick, J.D., Daniel, I., Nkiru, C., Vigeant, M., Velegol, D., 2003. Oriented adhesion of Escherichia coli to polystyrene particles. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 6515-6519.
Kievit, T.R., Iglewski, B.H., 2000. Bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships. Infection and Immunity, 68:4839-4849.
Ki-SOO, K., Daroviche, R.O., Hull, R.A., Mansouri, M.D., Musher, D.M., 1997 Indentification of a Klebsiella
pneumoniae strain associated with nosocomial urinary tract infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35: 2370-2374.
Kristich, C.J., Yung-Hua, L., Cvitkoviitch, D.G., Dunny, G.M., 2004. Esp-Independent biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Journal of Bacteriology, 186: 154–163.
Langstraat, J., Bohse, M., Clegg, S., 2001. Type 3 fimbral shaft (MrkA) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, but not the fimbrial adhesin (MrkD), facilitates biofilm formation. Infection and Immunity, 69: 5805-5812.
Lewis, K. 2001. Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45: 999-1007.
Lim, Y., Jana, M., Luong, T.T., Lee, C.Y., 2004. Control of Glucose-and NaCl-induced biofilm formation by rbf in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Bacteriology, 186: 722-729.
Miller, M.B., y Bassler, B.L., 2001. Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology, 55: 165-199.
Mok, K.C., Wingreen, N.S., Bassler, B.L., 2003. Vibrio harveyi quorum sensing: a coincidence detector for two autoinducers controls gene expression. The European Molecular Biology Organization Journal, 22: 870-881
Neu, T.R., Swerhone, D.W., Lawrence, J., 2001. Assessment of lectin-binding analysis for in situ detection of glycoconjugates in biofilm systems. Microbiology, 147:299-313.
Philippsen, A., Wonpil, I., Andreas, E., Tilman, S., Benoit, R., Müller D.J., 2002. Imaging the electrostatic potential of transmembrane channels: atomic probe microscopy of OMpF porin. Biophysical Journal, 82: 1667-1676.
Polonio, R.E., Mermel, L.A., Paquette, G.E., Sperry, J.F., 2001. Eradication of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP62A) by a combination of sodium salicylate and vancomycin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45:3262-3266.
Spoering, A.L., Lewis, K., 2001. Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pesudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials. Journal of Bacteriology, 183:6746-6751.
Stoodley, P.S., Wilson, R.C., Piscitteli, C., Rupp, C.J., 2001. Detachment and other dynamic processes in bacterial biofilms. Surfaces in Biomaterials Foundation. 189-191.
Sutherland, I.W., 2001. Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework. Microbiology, 147: 3-9.
Tumbarello, M., Spanu, T., Sanguinetti, M., Citton, R., Montour, E., Leone, F., Fadad, G., Cauda, R., 2006. Bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum—Lactamaseproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors, molecular epidemiology and clinical outcome. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50: 498-504.
Vadillo-Rodríguez, V., Busscher, H.J., Willem, N., Joop, V., Dijkstra, R.J., Stokroos, I., Van der Mei, H.C., 2004.
Comparison of atomic force microscopy interaction forces between bacteria and silicon nitride substrata for three commonly used immobilization methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 5441-5446.
Venugopalan, V.P., Kuehn, M., Hausner, M., Springael, D., Wilderer, P.A., y Wuertz, S., 2005. Architecture of a nascent Sphingomonas sp. biofilm under varied hydrodynamic conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 2677-2686
Wentland, E. J., Stewart, P.S., Huang, C.T., McFeters, G.A., 1996. Spatial variations in growth rate within Klebsiella pneumoniae colonies and biofilm. Biotechnology Progress 12: 316-321.