Viability of constructed mangrove wetlands for shrimp pond effluent treatment in Latin America
Main Article Content
Abstract
During the last century shrimp farming has shown a rapid expansion throughout the world. Despite these farming practices being very important for subsidizing the economy of many developing countries, their environmental impacts should be minimized in order to ensure its long-term sustainability. This is particularly necessary for many countries of Latin America where the increase of shrimp farming practices was most significant and often uncontrolled. Unsuitable farming anagement of feeds, fertilizers and other chemicals deteriorates water quality in farming ponds, and when discharged to nearby aquatic coastal ecosystems, these nutrient-rich effluents can cause serious degradation of coastal ecosystems. There exists a strong empirical and conceptual basis about the treatment of waste waters using freshwater wetlands, and we advocate extending this technique as an environmentally and economically feasible management tool to coastal areas. Artificial mangrove wetlands could prove useful candidates to reverse coastal eutrophication due to shrimp farming and may hold potential to guarantee environmental sustainability in the long term, based on their capability to immobilize N and P in sediments. This review examines the viability of constructed mangrove wetlands as an inexpensive and effective alternative for the treatment of shrimp farming sewage; it also highlights possible limitations. Considering that large areas of mangroves have been lost globally, constructed mangrove wetlands could contribute to maintain an important coastal ecosystem type in the tropics, and the environmental services that are derived from them.
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Sánchez-Carrillo, S. (1). Viability of constructed mangrove wetlands for shrimp pond effluent treatment in Latin America. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 4(1), 17-30. Retrieved from https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/99
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treatment. Water Science & Technology, 29: 209-217.
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secondary sewage effluents in mangrove sediments.
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Assessing the influence and distribution of shrimp pond
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Rhizophora stylosa Griff. seedlings. En: H.J. Teas (Ed.),
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Junk Publishers, La Haya, Holanda. pp. 57-63.
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primary production in a southeastern Mexican mangrove
forest. Aquatic Botany, 55: 39-60.
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redirecting the economy toward community, the
environment and a sustainable future. Beacon Press, Boston,
Estados Unidos.
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R.E., 2002. Shrimp Aquaculture, the People and the
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the Environment.
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nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from shrimp farming
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NE Brazilian coast. Aquaculture, 253: 433-446.
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Technical Paper 500. Inland Water Resources and
Aquaculture Service, Fishery Resources Division, FAO
Fisheries Department. Food And Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Roma, Italia.
Folke, C y Kautsky, N., 1992. Aquaculture with its environment:
Prospects for sustainability. Ocean & Coastal Management,
17: 5-24.
Funge-Smith, S.J., Briggs, M.R.P., 1998. Nutrient budgets in
intensive shrimp ponds: implications for sustainability.
Aquaculture, 164: 117–133.
Gautier, D., 2002. The Integration of Mangrove and Shrimp
Farming: A Case Study on the Caribbean Coast of
Colombia. World Bank, NACA, WWF and FAO
Consortium Program on Shrimp Farming and the
Environment.
Gautier, D., Amador, J., y Newmark, F., 2001. The use of
mangrove wetland as a biofilter to treat shrimp pond
effluents: preliminary results of an experiment on the
Caribbean coast of Colombia. Aquaculture Research, 32:
787.
Grant, J., Hatcher, A., Scott, D.B., Pocklington, P., Schafer,
C.T., Winters, G.V., 1995. A multidisciplinary approach to
evaluating impacts of shellfish aquaculture on benthic
communities. Estuaries, 18: 124–144.
Hammer, D.A., 1989. Constructued wetlands for wastewater
treatment. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
Howes, B.L. y Goehringer, D.D., 1994. Porewater drainage and
dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses through the 29
intertidal creekbanks of a New England salt marsh. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 114: 289-301.
Islam, Md.S. y Tanaka, M., 2004. Impacts of pollution on
coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine
fisheries and approach for management: a review and
síntesis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 624-649.
Jackson, C., Preston, N.P., Thompson, P.A., Burford, M., 2003.
Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components at an
intensive shrimp farm. Aquaculture, 218: 397–411.
Jones, A.B., O’Donohue, M.J., Udy, J., Dennison, W.C., 2001.
Assessing ecological impacts of shrimp and sewage
effluent: biological indicators with standard water quality
analyses. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science, 52: 91-109.
Kadlec, R.H. y Knight, R.L., 1996. Treatment Wetlands. Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.
Kautsky, N., Rönnbäck, P., Tedengren, M. and Troell, M., 2000.
Ecosystem perspectives on management of disease in
shrimp pond farming. Aquaculture, 191: 145-161.
Kovacs, J.M., 2000. Perceptions of environmental changes in a
tropical coastal wetland. Land Degradation and
Development, 11: 209-220.
Macintosh, D.J. y Phillips, D.D., 1992. Environmental
considerations in shrimp farming. En: H. de Haram y T.
Singh (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third Global Conference
on Shrimp Industry-INFOFISH, Kuala Lumpur, Malasia.
pp. 118-145.
Massaut L., 1999. Mangrove management and shrimp
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