Evaluation of a recirculation system for larval production of Litopenaeus vannamei using the macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla as an effluent bioremediation organism
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Abstract
Looking for sustainable alternatives to larval shrimp production and considering the documented and successfully use of algae as biofilters for the reduction of nutrients in aquaculture effluents, the present study was aimed on evaluating the productive and physiological response of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae grown in a recirculating and effluents-bioremediation systems using Gracilaria vermiculophylla. The production system consisted of two-250 l tanks stocked with 36,000 nauplii, and connected to a sedimentation tank, which was followed by three 120 l units stocked with the macroalgae in the case of treatments and three without microalgae for the control. The culture was done for 18 days during which organisms were fed, taking samples to monitor the biometrics and physical-chemical parameters following standard procedures for larval production. Recirculation started at day 9th, and water samples were taken daily for the analysis of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite, as well as for the total heterotrophs and Vibrio spp. counting. The results showed a removal of nitrogen compounds in the system with macroalgae, averaging 59%, whereas the control only removed 12%. The number of total heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp., showed a very similar behavior. The survival of the larvae was 61% in the tanks with G. vermiculophylla and 50% in the control; however, the other productive parameters were not significantly different. The results suggest that the incorporation of G. vermiculophylla can represent an efficient alternative to maintain the permissible levels of ammonium for shrimp larvae cultivation, reducing the water exchange.
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