Caracterización de la sorción de pesticidas en la materia orgánica particulada de suelos
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Resumen
Se utilizaron dos herbicidas con propiedades fisicoquímicas muy diferentes: el isoproturon, moderadamente hidrófobo, la diflufenicanil, fuertemente hidrófoba, y la isopropilanilina, un metabolito del isoproturon, para caracterizar las propiedades de sorción y desorción de la materia orgánica particulada (MOP) proveniente de suelos con tres diferentes tipos de ocupación: una parcela de cultivo, una barrera de hierbas y una área boscosa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las diferentes capacidades de sorción de la MOP están relacionadas con su origen, tamaño, composición química y su grado de hidrofobicidad. La diflufenicanil (Kd entre 123 y 483 l kg-1) y la isopropilanilina (Kd entre 207 y 1275 l kg-1) fueron mayormente retenidas por la MOP. Se observó un aumento de las capacidades de sorción de la MOP con la disminución de su tamaño que fue relacionado con el aumento de su superficie de intercambio y del número de sitios de sorción. La sorción del isoproturon y la diflufenicanil aumentan con el grado de hidrofobicidad de la MOP. La aromaticidad de la MOP fue correlacionada positivamente con los coeficientes de sorción (Koc). La desorción de los compuestos más hidrófobos fue débil para todas las fracciones de MOP independientemente de su origen y tamaño: diflufenicanil (5%) e isopropilanilina (4%). Por otro lado, la desorción del isoproturon fue mayor (> 90%) dependiendo del tipo de ocupación del suelo y de las características de la MOP. Estos resultados muestran que la MOP de la barrera de hierba y del área boscosa tiene un papel importante en la intercepción de los plaguicidas presentes en los escurrimientos. En función del tipo de plaguicidas, es previsible que los compuestos menos hidrófobos serán fácilmente desorbidos y transportados más fácilmente en los escurrimientos y en los eventos de infiltración, mientras que los compuestos más hidrófobos serán más irreversiblemente adsorbidos por las capas superficiales de suelo.
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Madrigal, I. (2010). Caracterización de la sorción de pesticidas en la materia orgánica particulada de suelos. Revista Latinoamericana De Recursos Naturales, 6(1), 51-66. Recuperado a partir de https://revista.itson.edu.mx/index.php/rlrn/article/view/183
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Artículos Originales
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Abelmann, K., Kleineidam, S., Knicker, H., Grathwohl, P., y Kögel-Knabner I. 2005. Sorption of HOC in soils with carbonaceous contamination: Influence of organic matter composition. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 198: 293-306.
Ahmad, R., Nelson P.N., y Kookana, R.S. 2006. The molecular composition of soil organic matter as determined by 13C NMR and elemental analyses and correlation with pesticide sorption. European Journal of Soil Science, 57: 883-893.
Ahmad R., Kookana R. S., Alston A. M., y Skjemstad J. O., 2001. The nature of soil organic matter affects sorption of pesticides. 1. Relation with carbon chemestry as determined by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35: 878-884.
Anderson D. W. y Paul E. A., 1994. Organo-mineral complexes and their study by radiocarbon dating. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48: 298-301.
Bachmann J., Horton R., Van der ploeg R. R., y Woche S., 2000. Modified sessile drop method for assessing initial soil-water contact angle of sandy soil. Soil Sci. Am. J., 64: 564-567.
Baldock J. A., Oades J. M., Nelson P. N., Skene T. M., Golchin A., Clarke P., 1997. Assessing the extent of decomposition of natural organic materials using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Aust. J. Soil Res., 35: 1061-1083.
Balesdent J., 1996. Un point sur l’évolution des réserves organiques des sols en France. Etude et Gestion des Sols, 3, 4: 245-260.
Barriuso E., Benoit P., y Bergheaud V., 1994. Role of soil fractions in retention and stabilisation of pesticide in soil. En A. Copin, G. Houins, L. Pussemier J. F., Salembier (Eds), Environmental behaviour of pesticides and regulatory aspects, COST, European Study Service, Rixensart, Belgique, 138-143 pp.
Benoit P., Barriuso E., Vidon Ph., y Réal B., 1999. Isoproturon sorption and degradation in a soil from grassed buffer strip. J. Environ. Qual., 28: 121-129.
Brock J. H., y DeBano L. F., 1990. Wettability of an Arizona Chapparal soil influenced by prescribed burning. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-191. 206-209 pp.
Capriel P., Beck T., Borchert H., Gronholz J., Zachman G., 1995. Hydrophobicity of the organic matter in arable soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 27: 1453-1458.
Chenu, C., Le Bissonnais, Y., y Arrouays D. 2000. Organic matter influence on clay wettability and soil aggregate stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 1479-1486.
Chiou, C.T., Poster, P.E., y Schmedding D.W. 1983. Partitioning equilibriums of non ionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water. Environmental Science and Technology, 17: 227-231.
Condron L. M., y Newman R. H., 1998. Chemical nature of soil organic matter under grassland and recently established forest. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 49: 597-603.
Conte E. Morali G., Galli M., Imbroglini, y Leake Ch., 1998. Long-term degradation and potential plant uptake of diflufenican under field conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 4766-4770.
DeBano L. F., 2000. Water repellency in soils: a historical overview. J. Hydrol., 231/232: 4-32.
Duchaufour Ph., 1987. Manual de edafologia. Deuxième édition en espagnol. Masson. Paris, France.
Gigliotti G., Kaiser K., Guggenberger G., y Haumaier L., 2002. Differences in the chemical composition dissolved organic matter from waste material of different sources. Biol. Fert. Soil, 36: 321-329.
Harper R. J., McKissock I., Gilkes R. J., Carter D. J., y Blackwell P. S., 2000. A multivariate framework for interpreting the effects of soil properties, soil management and landuse on water repellency. J. Hydrol., 231/232: 371-383.
Giles C. H., MacEwan T. H., Nakhwa S. N., y Smith D., 1960. Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solutions adsorption isothermes, ans its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and measurement of specific surface of solids. J. Chem. Soc., 3: 3973-3993.
Guggenberg G., Zech W., Huamaier L., y Christensen B. T., 1995. Land-use effects on the composition of organic matter in particle-size separates of soils. II. CPMAS and solution 13C NMR analysis. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 46: 147-158.
Kögel-Knabner I., Hatcher P. G., Tegelaar E. W., y Leeuw J. W., 1992. Aliphatic components of forest soil organic matter as determined by solid-state 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis. The Sci. of the Total Env., 113: 89-106.
ISSS-ISRIC-FAO 1998. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. ISSN 0532-0488, O.C. Spaargaren ed., Wageningen/Rome, The Nederlands/ Italy.
Krutz, L.J., Senseman, S.A., Zablotowicz, R.M., y Matocha, M.A. 2005. Reducing herbicide runoff from agricultural fields with vegetative filter strips: a review. Weed Science, 53: 353-367.
Lehr S., Glassgen W.E., Sandermann H. Jr., Beese F., y Scheunert I., 1996. Metabolism of isoproturon in soils originating from different agricultural management systems and in cultures of isolated bacteria, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 65: 231-243.
Lickfeldt D. W. y Branham B. E., 1995. Sorption of nonionic organic compounds by Kentucky bluegrass leaves and thatch. J. Environ. Qual., 24: 980-985.
Locke, M.A., y Bryson, C.T. 1997. Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems. Weed Science, 45: 307-320.
Lorenz, K., Preston, C.M., Krumrei, S, y Feger, K.-H. 2004. Decomposition of needle/leaf litter from Scots pine, black cherry, common oak, and beech at a conurbation forest site. Eur. J.Forest Res., 123: 177-188.
MacGhie D. A., y Posner A. M., 1981. The effect of plant top material on the water repellence of fired sands and water repellent soils. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 32: 600-620.
Madrigal, I. 2004. Retention de pesticides dans les sols des dispositifs tampon, enherbés et boisés: rôle des matieres organiques. Tesis Doctoral, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA-PG), Francia (en http://pastel.paristech.org/1214/01/These-MADRIGAL.pdf).
Madrigal, I., Benoit, P., Barriuso, E., Etiévant, V., Souiller, C., Réal, B., y Dutertre, A. 2002. Capacités de stockage et d’épuration des sols de dispositifs enherbés vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires. Deuxième partie: Propriétés de rétention de deux herbicides, l’isoproturon et le diflufénicanil dans différents sols de bandes enherbées. Etude et Gestion des Sols, 9: 287-302.
Mathers N. J., Xu Z., Blumfield T. J. Berners-Price S. J., y Saffigna P. G., 2003. Composition and quality of harvest residues and soil organic matter under windrow residue management in young hoop pine plantations as revealed by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. For. Ecol. Manage., 175: 467-488.
Patty L. 1997. Limitation du transfert par ruissellement vers les eaux superficielles de deux herbicides (isoproturon et diflufenicanil). Méthodologie analytique et étude de l’efficacité des bandes enherbées. Tesis doctoral,Universidad Joseph-Fourier de Grenoble, Francia.
Patty L., Réal B., y Gril J., 1997. The use of grassed buffer strips to remove pesticides, nitrate and soluble phosphorus compounds from runoff water. Pestic. Sci. 49: 243-251.
Pesticide Manual 1995. Incorporating the Agrochemicals Handbook. 10th ed.; Crop Protection Publication, British Crop Protection Council, The Royal Society of Chemisty, London.
Pignatello J., y Xing B., 1996. Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30: 1-11.
Quideau S. A., Anderson M. A., Graham R. C., Chadwick O. A., y Trumbore S. E., 2000. Soil Organic matter processes: characterization by 13C NMR and 14C measurements. For. Ecol. Manage., 138: 19-27.
Salloum, M.J., Chefetz, B. y Hatcher, P.G. 2002. Phenanthrene sorption by aliphatic-rich natural organic matter. Env. Sci. Tech.., 36: 1953-1958.
Senesi N., 1992. Binding mechanisms of pesticides to soil humic substances. Sci. Total Environ., 123: 63-76.
Thorn K. A., Pettigrew P. J., y Goldenberg, W. S., 1996. Covalent binding of aniline to humic substances .2. N-15 NMR studies of nucleophilic addition reactions. Environ. Sci. Techno., 30: 2764-2775.
Valat, B., Jouany, C. y Rivière, L.M. 1991. Characterization of the wetting properties of air-dried peats and composts. Soil Sci., 152: 100-107.
Vincent, A., Benoit, P., Pot V., Madrigal, I., Delgado-Moreno, L., y Labat, C. 2007. Impact of different land uses on the migration of two herbicides in a silt loam soil: unsaturated soil column displacement studies. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58: 320-328.
Webster E. A., Hopkins D. W., Chudek, J. A., Haslamn S. F. I., Simek M., y Picek T., 2001. The relationship between microbial carbon and the resource quality of soil carbon. J. Environ. Qual., 30: 147-150.
Webster E. A., Chudek, J. A., y Hopkins D. W., 2000. Carbon transformation during decomposition of different components of plant leaves in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32: 301-314.
Ahmad, R., Nelson P.N., y Kookana, R.S. 2006. The molecular composition of soil organic matter as determined by 13C NMR and elemental analyses and correlation with pesticide sorption. European Journal of Soil Science, 57: 883-893.
Ahmad R., Kookana R. S., Alston A. M., y Skjemstad J. O., 2001. The nature of soil organic matter affects sorption of pesticides. 1. Relation with carbon chemestry as determined by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35: 878-884.
Anderson D. W. y Paul E. A., 1994. Organo-mineral complexes and their study by radiocarbon dating. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48: 298-301.
Bachmann J., Horton R., Van der ploeg R. R., y Woche S., 2000. Modified sessile drop method for assessing initial soil-water contact angle of sandy soil. Soil Sci. Am. J., 64: 564-567.
Baldock J. A., Oades J. M., Nelson P. N., Skene T. M., Golchin A., Clarke P., 1997. Assessing the extent of decomposition of natural organic materials using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Aust. J. Soil Res., 35: 1061-1083.
Balesdent J., 1996. Un point sur l’évolution des réserves organiques des sols en France. Etude et Gestion des Sols, 3, 4: 245-260.
Barriuso E., Benoit P., y Bergheaud V., 1994. Role of soil fractions in retention and stabilisation of pesticide in soil. En A. Copin, G. Houins, L. Pussemier J. F., Salembier (Eds), Environmental behaviour of pesticides and regulatory aspects, COST, European Study Service, Rixensart, Belgique, 138-143 pp.
Benoit P., Barriuso E., Vidon Ph., y Réal B., 1999. Isoproturon sorption and degradation in a soil from grassed buffer strip. J. Environ. Qual., 28: 121-129.
Brock J. H., y DeBano L. F., 1990. Wettability of an Arizona Chapparal soil influenced by prescribed burning. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-191. 206-209 pp.
Capriel P., Beck T., Borchert H., Gronholz J., Zachman G., 1995. Hydrophobicity of the organic matter in arable soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 27: 1453-1458.
Chenu, C., Le Bissonnais, Y., y Arrouays D. 2000. Organic matter influence on clay wettability and soil aggregate stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 1479-1486.
Chiou, C.T., Poster, P.E., y Schmedding D.W. 1983. Partitioning equilibriums of non ionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water. Environmental Science and Technology, 17: 227-231.
Condron L. M., y Newman R. H., 1998. Chemical nature of soil organic matter under grassland and recently established forest. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 49: 597-603.
Conte E. Morali G., Galli M., Imbroglini, y Leake Ch., 1998. Long-term degradation and potential plant uptake of diflufenican under field conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 4766-4770.
DeBano L. F., 2000. Water repellency in soils: a historical overview. J. Hydrol., 231/232: 4-32.
Duchaufour Ph., 1987. Manual de edafologia. Deuxième édition en espagnol. Masson. Paris, France.
Gigliotti G., Kaiser K., Guggenberger G., y Haumaier L., 2002. Differences in the chemical composition dissolved organic matter from waste material of different sources. Biol. Fert. Soil, 36: 321-329.
Harper R. J., McKissock I., Gilkes R. J., Carter D. J., y Blackwell P. S., 2000. A multivariate framework for interpreting the effects of soil properties, soil management and landuse on water repellency. J. Hydrol., 231/232: 371-383.
Giles C. H., MacEwan T. H., Nakhwa S. N., y Smith D., 1960. Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solutions adsorption isothermes, ans its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and measurement of specific surface of solids. J. Chem. Soc., 3: 3973-3993.
Guggenberg G., Zech W., Huamaier L., y Christensen B. T., 1995. Land-use effects on the composition of organic matter in particle-size separates of soils. II. CPMAS and solution 13C NMR analysis. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 46: 147-158.
Kögel-Knabner I., Hatcher P. G., Tegelaar E. W., y Leeuw J. W., 1992. Aliphatic components of forest soil organic matter as determined by solid-state 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis. The Sci. of the Total Env., 113: 89-106.
ISSS-ISRIC-FAO 1998. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. ISSN 0532-0488, O.C. Spaargaren ed., Wageningen/Rome, The Nederlands/ Italy.
Krutz, L.J., Senseman, S.A., Zablotowicz, R.M., y Matocha, M.A. 2005. Reducing herbicide runoff from agricultural fields with vegetative filter strips: a review. Weed Science, 53: 353-367.
Lehr S., Glassgen W.E., Sandermann H. Jr., Beese F., y Scheunert I., 1996. Metabolism of isoproturon in soils originating from different agricultural management systems and in cultures of isolated bacteria, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 65: 231-243.
Lickfeldt D. W. y Branham B. E., 1995. Sorption of nonionic organic compounds by Kentucky bluegrass leaves and thatch. J. Environ. Qual., 24: 980-985.
Locke, M.A., y Bryson, C.T. 1997. Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems. Weed Science, 45: 307-320.
Lorenz, K., Preston, C.M., Krumrei, S, y Feger, K.-H. 2004. Decomposition of needle/leaf litter from Scots pine, black cherry, common oak, and beech at a conurbation forest site. Eur. J.Forest Res., 123: 177-188.
MacGhie D. A., y Posner A. M., 1981. The effect of plant top material on the water repellence of fired sands and water repellent soils. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 32: 600-620.
Madrigal, I. 2004. Retention de pesticides dans les sols des dispositifs tampon, enherbés et boisés: rôle des matieres organiques. Tesis Doctoral, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA-PG), Francia (en http://pastel.paristech.org/1214/01/These-MADRIGAL.pdf).
Madrigal, I., Benoit, P., Barriuso, E., Etiévant, V., Souiller, C., Réal, B., y Dutertre, A. 2002. Capacités de stockage et d’épuration des sols de dispositifs enherbés vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires. Deuxième partie: Propriétés de rétention de deux herbicides, l’isoproturon et le diflufénicanil dans différents sols de bandes enherbées. Etude et Gestion des Sols, 9: 287-302.
Mathers N. J., Xu Z., Blumfield T. J. Berners-Price S. J., y Saffigna P. G., 2003. Composition and quality of harvest residues and soil organic matter under windrow residue management in young hoop pine plantations as revealed by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. For. Ecol. Manage., 175: 467-488.
Patty L. 1997. Limitation du transfert par ruissellement vers les eaux superficielles de deux herbicides (isoproturon et diflufenicanil). Méthodologie analytique et étude de l’efficacité des bandes enherbées. Tesis doctoral,Universidad Joseph-Fourier de Grenoble, Francia.
Patty L., Réal B., y Gril J., 1997. The use of grassed buffer strips to remove pesticides, nitrate and soluble phosphorus compounds from runoff water. Pestic. Sci. 49: 243-251.
Pesticide Manual 1995. Incorporating the Agrochemicals Handbook. 10th ed.; Crop Protection Publication, British Crop Protection Council, The Royal Society of Chemisty, London.
Pignatello J., y Xing B., 1996. Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30: 1-11.
Quideau S. A., Anderson M. A., Graham R. C., Chadwick O. A., y Trumbore S. E., 2000. Soil Organic matter processes: characterization by 13C NMR and 14C measurements. For. Ecol. Manage., 138: 19-27.
Salloum, M.J., Chefetz, B. y Hatcher, P.G. 2002. Phenanthrene sorption by aliphatic-rich natural organic matter. Env. Sci. Tech.., 36: 1953-1958.
Senesi N., 1992. Binding mechanisms of pesticides to soil humic substances. Sci. Total Environ., 123: 63-76.
Thorn K. A., Pettigrew P. J., y Goldenberg, W. S., 1996. Covalent binding of aniline to humic substances .2. N-15 NMR studies of nucleophilic addition reactions. Environ. Sci. Techno., 30: 2764-2775.
Valat, B., Jouany, C. y Rivière, L.M. 1991. Characterization of the wetting properties of air-dried peats and composts. Soil Sci., 152: 100-107.
Vincent, A., Benoit, P., Pot V., Madrigal, I., Delgado-Moreno, L., y Labat, C. 2007. Impact of different land uses on the migration of two herbicides in a silt loam soil: unsaturated soil column displacement studies. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58: 320-328.
Webster E. A., Hopkins D. W., Chudek, J. A., Haslamn S. F. I., Simek M., y Picek T., 2001. The relationship between microbial carbon and the resource quality of soil carbon. J. Environ. Qual., 30: 147-150.
Webster E. A., Chudek, J. A., y Hopkins D. W., 2000. Carbon transformation during decomposition of different components of plant leaves in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32: 301-314.